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युब नाथ लम्साल :--- कुनै पनि देशको परराष्ट्रनीति र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्बन्धका आधार मूलतः राष्ट्रिय हितबाट निर्देशित हुन्छन् । राष्ट्रिय हित सामान्यतया राज्यका स्थायी सरोकारका विषय हुन्छन र हुन् । राष्ट्रिय हित भन्नाले मूलतः राष्ट्रिय सार्वभौमिकता, भौगोलिक अखण्डता, राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षा र आर्थिक समृद्धि पर्छन् । परराष्ट्रनीतिको सञ्चालन यिनै आधारभूत विषयमा केन्द्रित हुन्छ । त्यसैले विदेशनीतिमा मूलतः निरन्तरता हुन्छ र सरकार वा शासनव्यवस्था परिवर्तन हुँदैमा परराष्ट्रनीतिको आधारभूत दिशा सामान्यतः परिवर्तन हुँदैन । विदेशनीति र कूटनीतिमा व्यक्तिविशेषले पनि कहिलेकाहीँ उल्लेखनीय फरक पार्न सक्छ । त्यसका लागि सम्बन्धित नेताको क्षमता, दक्षता, दृष्टिकोण र प्रतिबद्धतामा भर पर्छ । नेपालको परराष्ट्रनीतिको मूल उद्देश्य सधैँ राष्ट्रिय हितबाट निर्देशित हुँदै आएको छ; जसको प्राथमिक आधार राष्ट्रिय अस्तित्व र सुरक्षाको सुनिश्चितता हो । वर्तमान संविधानले नेपालको विदेशनीतिका उद्देश्य, मार्गदर्शक सिद्धान्त र प्राथमिकताहरू स्पष्ट रूपमा निर्दिष्ट गरेको छ । संविधानले राष्ट्रिय हितलाई समेत स्पष्ट रूपमा परिभाषित गरेक...

Yuba Nath Lamsal:--- A country is not merely a geographic territory but a collective expression of people living within a certain territorial boundary. A country is made up of certain features and characteristics. The Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States 1933 has set certain standard definitions of a legitimate and sovereign country, which include a defined territory, permanent population, constitution, a functioning government and international recognition. The world is a global family of nations consisting of 193 members of the United Nations and two non-member observer states (Vatican City and Palestine). Countries are like human beings. Irrespective of physical size, economic and other strength, all countries in the world have equal sovereign status. However, countries are not fully self-reliant on all fronts and are interdependent. Like individuals, nations require interaction with other members of the global family. Countries have their own interests and ...

Yuba Nath Lamsal:-- In the strategic calculus of the 21st-century world, economic interest has dominated more powerfully than anything else. Economic strength reflects a country’s power in international politics. National security, therefore, is tied to the economic security of any country. Be it war or other conflicts the world has seen in recent years, economic factors have been the primary triggers. Alliances and coalitions are made and, accordingly, diplomatic engagements are built. On the surface, such alliances and coalitions appear to be guided by military and political security; the crux behind it always remains the economic interest. Unless a country builds and expands its economic capacity, it cannot play a decisive role in international power politics. Economic engagements shape the level of relations among nations. Economic diplomacy has thus emerged as the most pronounced terminology in the realm of diplomacy and international relations. Economic diplomacy is more impor...

वर्तमान विश्व व्यवस्थाले कोल्टो फेर्न लागेको छ । सन् १९९० को दशकदेखि अमेरिकाको नेतृत्वमा चलिरहेको एकध्रुवीय विश्व व्यवस्थामा परिवर्तनका स्पष्ट सङ्केत देखिएका छन् । सभ्यताको विकाससँगै समय, अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय शक्ति सन्तुलन, आर्थिक तथा प्राविधिक क्षेत्रमा आएको परिवर्तनले विश्व व्यवस्थामा पनि परिवर्तन ल्याउँछ । यो प्रकृतिको नियम हो र निरन्तर चल्ने प्रक्रिया हो । त्यसैले वर्तमान विश्व व्यवस्थामा परिवर्तन आउने कुरा पनि निश्चित छ । यसमा सबै खाले विद्वान्, विश्लेषक तथा भूराजनीतिका ज्ञाता सहमत छन् । जोन मियरसाइमर, किशोर महबुबानी, नोम चोम्स्की जस्ता प्रख्यात विद्वान् र विश्लेषक वर्तमान विश्व व्यवस्था प्रभुत्ववादी भएकाले यसको परिवर्तन आवश्यक छ भन्ने मत राख्छन् । तर केही भूराजनीतिका विद्वान् र विश्लेषक वर्तमान विश्व व्यवस्था र शक्ति सन्तुलनमा खासै परिवर्तन नहुने र अमेरिका नेतृत्वको एकधु्रवीय विश्व व्यवस्था केही दशकसम्म कायम रहने विश्वास व्यक्त गर्दछन् । फ्रान्सिस फुकुयामा, जोसेफ नानी, रोबर्ट कागन तथा फरिद जाकारिया जस्ता विद्वान् र विश्लेषक यो खाले विचारका पक्षपाती हुन् । उनीहरूका अनुसार वर्तमान उदा...

Yuba Nath Lamsal:-- The broader national interest and security are the fundamental guidelines and objectives of any country's foreign policy and diplomacy. National security includes strategic, territorial, political, economic, energy, food, environmental and technological security, among others. In the present globalised, inter-dependent and interconnected world, economic power and competitiveness serve as a powerful lever in the realm of power politics and diplomacy. Economic interdependence and economic interest impact geopolitics and international relations more than any other factors. The level of economic engagement determines the nature of relations between countries. Economic relations around the world are becoming more complex, further complicating geopolitics. Change in the economic order also brings about change in geopolitics and international order. Empires and powers rose and fell in the annals of history with the growth and decline of their economic prowess. Onc...